Bidar

Bidar is a district of Karnataka state in northern India. The historic city of Bidar is the administrative centre of the district. The district is located in the northeastern corner of the state, near the borders with Andhra Pradesh to the east and Maharashtra to the north and west. Gulbarga district lies to the south.Bidar is 120 km from Andhra Pradesh's capital Hyderabad. Till 1956, Bidar was part of Hyderabad State.

The first Rashtrakuta capital was Mayurkhandi in the present day Bidar district. The regal capital was later moved to Manyakheta in the present day Gulbarga district by Amoghavarsha. Kalyani (today called Basavakalyan after Basaveshwara) in Bidar district was the capital of Western Chalukyas, who were also called Kalyani Chalukyas after their capital. The Kalachuris continued with Kalyani as their capital. Later, Bidar was ruled in succession by the vassals to Sevuna Yadavas of Devagiri, Kakatiyas of Warangal, Allauddin Khilji and Muhammad bin Tughluq. The generals of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq who were nominated as viceroys of the newly conquered Deccan region broke up and formed the Bahmani Sultanate under Allauddin Hasan Gangu Bahman Shah. The Bahmani capital was shifted from Kalburgi or Kalubaruge(pronounced as Gulbarga and subsequently renamed Ahsanabad by the Muslim newcomers) to Bidar (renamed Muhammadabad by the Bahmanis) in 1425. Bidar remained the capital until the Sultanate's breakup after 1518. It then became the center of the Barid Shahis, one of the five independent sultanates known as the Deccan sultanates. These were the successor states to the Bahmani kingdom. The Bidar Sultanate was absorbed by the Bijapur Sultanate to the west in 1619, which was in turn included into their Deccan province by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb during his viceroyship of Deccan in 1656. After the death of Aurangazeb, Asaf Jah I, the Mughal Subehdar of the Deccan province, became independent and assumed the title Nizam-ul-mulk, with the whole of the province under the Nizam's sovereign control. This status remained unchanged until Operation Polo, when the Nizam's territory was merged to the Republic of India. With the reorganization of states in 1956 along linguistic lines, Bidar was deemed a Kannada speaking area, and became a part of unified Mysore state which later was renamed Karnataka. Bidar, Gulbarga, Yadgir, Raichur and Koppal are collectively referred to as Hyderabad Karnataka. Bellary, though ceded to the British in 1800 AD, is also grouped together with these areas. The district has five talukas : Bidar, Humnabad, Bhalki, Aurad, and Basavakalyana. Bidar is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the north-eastern part of Karnataka. It is the headquarters of the Bidar District which shares its border with Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh. It is the northern most district of Karnataka. It is also called as crown of Karnataka. Bidar city is known for its Bidri handicraft products. Manjira River is one of the main rivers supplying drinking water to Bidar .Recently Bidar was ranked 22nd among the cleanest cities in India, and 5th cleanest in Karnataka. Humnabad is a town in Bidar district in the Indian state of Karnataka. The town is also the headquarters of Humnabad Taluk. Humnabad is connected by two national highways NH 9 and State Highway SH 218. Humnabad is known for Veerabhadreshwar Temple & Manik Nagar. Veteran politicians like M P Ramchandra Veerappa and Basavaraj Patil are from this place. Bhalki is a town, and a taluka, in Bidar district in the state of Karnataka, India.First mention of the town was made as "Bhallunke" in the vachanas of 12th century sharanas . The sharana Kumbara Gundaiah is from Bhalki who is a part of bhakthi movement. Aurad is a panchayat town in Bidar district in the state of Karnataka, India.Aurad has a famous Amareshwar temple located in the heart of town. The temple was built in 10th Century. As there was no serious survey on the history of Aurad but the experts and historians who visited Aurad had undoubtedly clarified on the basis of the fragments, that the earlier Avarawadi is today's Aurad. A fragment found in the Amareshwar Temple and one at Amareshwar Girls High School, it was clearly mentioned the name of Avarwadi. The inscriptions were in Kannada and were also identified of 10th century. Hence, it is highly presumed by theauthor of "Aurad Taluku Darshana" a Kannada Edition by Sri. Shivakumar Katte, that later on, the then 'Awarwadi' might have been routinized as Amareshwarwadi, Amarwadi, Awarwadi, Awaradi, Awarad and the present Aurad. Basavakalyan is a town in Bidar District of the state of Karnataka, India, and was historically known as Kalyan.Basavakalyan's history dates back to 3000 years with its name being mentioned in Guru Charitra.Before India's independence, Basavakalyan was called Kalyani. After independence and division of states on linguistic basis in 1956, Kalyana was renamed as BasavaKalyana in memory of Vishwaguru Basavanna, a great revolutionary who established Anubhava Mantapa (spiritual democracy) in 12th Century in India.Basavakalyana was ruled by Western Chalukyas, Kalachuris, Yadavas of Devagiri, Bijapur Sultanate, Bahamani Sultanate (Bidar, Gulbarga), Mughals, Hyderabad Nizams.